Chemistry is a branch of natural science that studies the properties, composition, structure, and changes of matter, as well as the interactions between substances and energy. Originating from alchemy, modern chemistry has evolved to become a multidisciplinary field that intersects with other sciences such as physics, biology, and environmental science. It encompasses a wide range of topics including chemical reactions, atomic structure, the periodic table of elements, and chemical bonding. The field is divided into numerous sub-disciplines including organic, inorganic, analytical, physical, and biochemistry, each with its own set of specialized research methods and applications. From the development of pharmaceuticals and petrochemicals to the understanding of biological systems and ecological interactions, chemistry plays a crucial role in addressing complex challenges and advancing technology.