Nicolaus Copernicus, a Renaissance-era polymath from Poland, revolutionized Astronomy with his Heliocentric Theory, proposing that The Sun, not The Earth, is at the center of the universe. His seminal work, "De revolutionibus orbium coelestium," published in 1543, challenged the long-standing Geocentric Model endorsed by The Church and laid the foundation for Modern Astronomy. Copernicus' ideas sparked the Scientific Revolution, profoundly influencing subsequent astronomers like ‣ and ‣.