Palestine is a geographic and historical region in the Middle East, situated at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea and bordered by Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, and Egypt. The area has a complex history of religious and ethnic diversity, and it has been subject to various forms of governance and occupation over millennia, including Roman, Byzantine, Islamic, Crusader, Ottoman, British, and most recently, Israeli rule. The term "Palestine" is often associated with the Palestinian people, an Arab ethnic group primarily comprising Muslims, Christians, and Druze, who consider the area their ancestral homeland. The Israeli-Palestinian conflict over land, identity, and statehood has been a central issue since the 20th century, complicating international relations and sparking ongoing debate over issues of sovereignty and human rights.
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