The Eightfold Path is a set of guidelines laid out by The Buddha to lead individuals toward the cessation of suffering, दुःख Duḥkha, and the attainment of enlightenment:Nirvāṇa. It is the fourth of The Four Noble Truths and serves as the roadmap for Buddhist practice.
The Eightfold Path is typically grouped into three disciplines, known as the तिसिक्खा Tisikkha: Wisdom (प्रज्ञा Prajñā), Ethical Conduct (Sila), and Mental Discipline (समाधि Samādhi):
Sammā-Diṭṭhi: This refers to the intellectual grasp of Buddhist principles, including the Four Noble Truths. The practitioner understands the nature of reality, suffering, and the path to liberation.Sammā-Saṅkappa: This refers to the cultivation of mental states characterized by selflessness, love, and non-violence. Right Intention involves renouncing hatred, greed, and delusion to develop an attitude of compassion and altruism.Sammā-Vācā: Abstaining from lying, divisive talk, harsh language, and idle chatter. The focus is on speaking truthfully, kindly, and helpfully.Sammā-Kammanta: Abstaining from killing, stealing, and sexual misconduct. This encourages ethical behavior that promotes social harmony and individual integrity.Sammā-Ājīva: Engaging in an occupation that does not cause harm or exploitation. Certain professions, such as those involved in killing animals or trading intoxicants, are considered inappropriate for Buddhists.Sammā-Vāyāma: Cultivating wholesome states of mind and eradicating unwholesome states. This involves a balanced approach to spiritual practice, avoiding extremes of asceticism or indulgence.Sammā-Sati: Being fully aware and present in each moment, often cultivated through mindfulness meditation. This awareness extends to one's body, feelings, mind, and mental states.Sammā-Samādhi: Developing focused and unified mental states through practices like meditation. This concentration is used to gain deeper insights into the nature of reality.Unlike a linear path, The Eightfold Path is often depicted as a wheel, symbolizing that each element is interconnected and mutually reinforcing. While ethical conduct helps create a stable foundation, mental discipline enables one to navigate challenges with mindfulness and equanimity. Wisdom, in turn, provides the discernment needed to make choices in line with ethical and mental principles.