The Greco-Roman Classics refer to the body of Literature, Philosophy, art, and scientific works produced during antiquity in the regions controlled by Ancient Greece and Rome. These classics laid the intellectual and cultural foundations for Western Civilization and have had a profound influence on disciplines ranging from literature and philosophy to politics and the sciences. Greek classics encompass works dating from the 8th century BCE through the fall of ancient Greece in the 2nd century BCE, including epic poems like Homer’s "Iliad" and "Odyssey," as well as the philosophical treatises of Plato and Aristotle. The Roman classics, which span from the early Roman Republic to the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century CE, include works such as Virgil's "Aeneid," Ovid's "Metamorphoses," and the oratory and essays of Cicero.

In philosophy, the Greco-Roman classics introduced seminal concepts in ethics, metaphysics, and epistemology, including Socratic dialogue, Platonic idealism, Aristotelian logic, and Stoic ethics. In the realm of politics, texts like Plato's "Republic" and Aristotle's "Politics" examined the nature of justice, governance, and the ideal state, while Roman works like Cicero’s "De Re Publica" and Machiavelli’s later interpretations extended these themes into practical statecraft. Literary forms such as epic, tragedy, comedy, and lyric poetry were either invented or refined by Greco-Roman authors, leaving an indelible mark on subsequent Western literature.

The classics also provided foundations for science and mathematics, with figures like Archimedes, Euclid, and Ptolemy contributing to geometry, physics, and astronomy. Additionally, Galen's medical writings influenced European medicine for centuries. The revival of interest in these classical works during the Renaissance cemented their status as essential intellectual pillars of Western culture, leading to their study and dissemination through universities and scholarly circles. Today, the Greco-Roman Classics continue to be read, analyzed, and revered for their enduring insights into the human condition and their foundational role in shaping Western thought and culture.